The Ghaggar originates from the feet of Shivalik hills and runs towards North-East of Kalka. It enters Punjab in Dera Bassi block near village Kakrali and passes through Patiala, Sangrur and Bathinda districts of Punjab. It leaves Punjab near village Moonak after covering a distance of about 180 km in the Punjab territory.
1 Identification of Pollution Sources
In the third phase, Punjab Pollution Control Board identified the following sources of pollution in river Ghaggar which are listed as under:
A) Industrial Sources
The following industries were found discharging their wastewater into river Ghaggar:
- M/s Chandigarh Distillers & Bottlers Ltd., Village Banur
The industry is a distillery unit. The quantity of trade effluent generated by the industry is 3.96 MLD. The industry has provided ETP consisting of anaerobic treatment system followed by aerobic biological treatment system. The industry has developed land for plantation / ferti-irrigation in the nearby area. The industry was found discharging its effluent occasionally into river Ghaggar through Dakansu Nallah.
- M/s Surya Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Village Banur
The industry is pharmaceutical unit and discharges about 0.03 MLD of its wastewater. For the treatment of effluent, it has been installed an ETP consisting of aerobic biological treatment system. For the disposal of treated effluent, it has developed land for plantation / irrigation. However, the industry was found discharging its effluent occasionally into river Ghaggar through Dakansu Nallah.
- M/s PSIEC, Focal Point, Dera Bassi
There are 49 industrial units in the Focal Point, Dera Bassi, out of which 27 are green category and remaining 22 are red category units, out of which 10 industries are water polluting. All the water polluting industries have provided ETPs but the mode of disposal of these industries into river Ghaggar.
- M/s Milkfood Ltd., Bahadurgarh
It is a milk plant and manufacturing ghee, skimmed milk powder and other milk products. The quantity of trade effluent of the industry is 1.2 MLD. For the treatment of effluent, the industry has provided an ETP consisting of aerobic biological treatment system. The mode of disposal of the industry is into drain which leads to river Ghaggar.
B) Domestic Sources
The following Local bodies were identified which were discharging their wastewater into river Ghaggar:
| Sr. No. |
Name of Town |
Discharge (MLD) |
| 1. |
Zirakpur |
2.30 |
| 2. |
Dera Bassi |
1.50 |
| 3. |
Mohali |
12.50 |
| 4. |
Bassi Pathana |
1.00 |
| 5. |
Sirhind |
0.42 |
| 6. |
Mandi Gobindgarh |
17.52 |
| 7. |
Patiala |
41.00 |
| 8. |
Rajpura |
12.06 |
| 9. |
Nabha |
7.20 |
| 10. |
Sanaur |
0.72 |
| 11. |
Banur |
0.45 |
| 12. |
Vill. Ratanheri |
0.20 |
| 13. |
Nagar Panchyat Khanauri |
3.00 |
| 14. |
Moonak |
3.00 |
| 15. |
Vill. Mandavi, Distt. Sangur |
0.50 |
| 16. |
Vill. Makrour, Distt. Sangur |
0.50 |
| 17. |
Phulad, Distt. Sangur |
0.20 |
| 18. |
Nagar Panchayat, Sardoolgarh, Distt. Bathinda |
0.10 |
| 19. |
Vill. Bhundar, Distt. Bathinda |
0.05 |
The above sources of pollution in river Ghaggar is mentioned in the photograph given below:
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