Ground water resources have been built up in the alluvial plains of Punjab through in- filtration, return flow from surface irrigation and seepage from rivers and other streams, extensive net work of unlined water carriers transporting huge quantities of water from the rivers to the fields. The ground water reserve of the State is under heavy exploitation for agricultural and industrial uses. In addition to these the ground water resources are tapped for satisfying the domestic need of entire population of Punjab except the people living in districts of Bathinda, Mansa, Ferozepur and part of Faridkot districts. The heavy draw of the water from the under ground water reserve needs a regular recharge. While recharge of the ground water resources takes place from the surface water contaminated with various impurities also find its way into the ground water. The recharge water sometimes contains the domestic sewage which is released into the river-rine system and low lying areas. It also contains the run off from the agricultural fields containing pesticides, fertilizers etc. and also the discharges made by the industries containing almost all the pollutants and leachates from solids waste dumps. Rapid industrialization has resulted in appreciable contamination of ground water in and around the cities and the industrial complexes. Once the ground water gets polluted, it is very difficult to restore its quality to its original status because the ground water is devoid of all the natural forces of purification. Therefore, it is important that preventive measures are taken to ensure that the quality of ground water reserve is protected against the man made contamination. The Board is therefore monitoring the ground water quality in the areas which are potentially prone to contamination by various pollutants.